The Rato Machhindranath Jatra famously known as the Bhoto Jatra is an iconic celebration carrying a great value to the primitive culture of Nepal. The festival of Bhoto Jatra showcases the fabrics of immense faith and tradition of Nepalese values. The Rato Machhindranath Jatra in Nepal is a grand procession and a cornerstone of the Nepalese calendar, particularly for the Newar community of Lalitpur (Patan). The Rato Machhindranath Jatra is a 2-month festival that typically falls in June or July of the Gregorian calendar. The Bhoto Jatra is the climax of the chariot procession in the Rato Machhindranath Jatra. The exact dates fluctuate each year based on the lunar Nepal Sambat calendar. But this year, the Bhoto Jatra falls on the 4th of August 2024(Shrawan 20th, 2081).
Legends have it that the Rato Machhindranath is referred to as the god of rain and harvest. When the country faced a severe drought of 12 years during the regime of King Gunakamdev (949-994 CE), the sandalwood idol was brought from Kamrup Kamakhya to alleviate the dry spell that plagued the Kathmandu Valley. The passionate prayers of the civilians were responded to when the deity appeared ending the crisis and blessed with prosperity. As a gesture of gratitude, the people of Kathmandu started the procession of chariot as an annual tradition to date.
Devotee playing a traditional instrument: Dhimay
Another legend suggests Bhoto Jatra was celebrated when a farmer named Karkotaka was rewarded with a diamond studded Bhoto (vest) for curing the Queen’s eye illness. The farmer would wear the vest every day with pride. One day when the farmer was working in the field, a demon stole the vest and wouldn’t return it to him. It is said that to settle the dispute, the vest was given to Rato Machhindranath. Every year, on the fourth day of the festival when the chariot is transferred to Jawalakhel, the Bhoto is displayed to the public by the head of the state.
Cultural significance of Rato Machhindranath Jatra/Bhoto Jatra
Beyond the religious implication of the Rato Machhindranath Jatra, it is an important celebration of Newari culture and heritage. The festival is a glimpse of the rich customs and artistry that define the Newar community in Nepal. The craftsmanship of the Newars is showcased with the intricate chariot construction, colorful costumes, and rhythmic dances. Every aspect of the festival is a reflection of the region’s rich culture.
Devotees receiving offerings of the Rato Machindranath
The Rato Machhindranath Jatra is a living example of the resilience of the people in Nepal and the effort to preserve the culture that they follow. The festivals in Nepal gather communities together to celebrate the rich heritage and connect with the divine. With time, the Rato Machhindranath jatra captures hearts and minds assuring the values remain unwavering.
The Chariot
The core attraction of the Jatra is the huge 45-60 feet high and 4.5-meter wide chariot with a towering structure. The chariot is made up of bamboo and wood with two huge ropes tied to pull the cart. The chariot is pulled by thousands of devotees with faith around the main streets of Lalitpur.
The Chariot of Rato Machindranath Jatra
The chariot is undoubtedly a colossal structure that demands attention wherever it goes. The competency of the artisans is promoted through the intricate engineering and designs of the chariot of Rato Machhindranath. The vibrant colors, religious symbols, and carvings used in the rath are the deep-rooted prowess of the Newars in Nepal.
Construction of the Chariot
The chariot is constructed with complexity and is a time-consuming process that begins way ahead of the actual festivity. “Dyah Gurus”, the carpenters assemble the wooden pieces of the chariot and decorate them with colors, flags, and symbols. The humongous chariot of Rato Machhindranath is a symbol of the divine power that surrounds the community.
Puja of the Chariot
The Procession Route
The chariot is pulled through the same planned route on the streets of Lalitpur for centuries. Typically, the procession begins from Pulchowk where the chariot is assembled. Hundreds of police force, volunteers take part in managing the crowds in the narrow lanes of Lalitpur. The route may differ annually, but the landmark remains the same.
The Chariot Procession in Jawalakhel
Rituals Surrounding the Chariot
The Chariot Construction itself is a sacred ritual considering the involvement of skillful craftsmen and artistry. Everything is a religious symbolism, from selecting the wood and carving the designs to fore-gathering the chariot.
Pujas and Offerings are done before moving the chariot for the procession. The offering is performed to plead for blessings from the divine. Usual arrangements of flowers, fruits, and incense are carried out to ensure a smooth procession.
Pulling the Chariot is considered a sacred responsibility and a privilege for the devotees. It is believed that participating in the procession invites luck and good fortune. The rhythmic chorus of mantras and the collaborative effort bring in a sense of shared purpose and faith. The participation of people regardless of their culture, race or caste is a reminder of the interconnectedness of the community.
The Chariot as a Tourist Attraction
In recent years, the Rato Machhindranath Jatra has earned international recognition, inviting tourists from all around the world. Artists and historians from different parts of the world are drawn towards experiencing the heart and soul of the Nepalese culture and the stature and decorations of the chariot.
Displaying the Bhoto(Vest)
It is essential to approach the festival with respect for local customs and traditions. By understanding the cultural and religious significance of the chariot, any participant can gain a deeper appreciation for the Rato Machhindranath Jatra and its legacy.
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