Everything you need to know about the National Parks in Nepal

Sagarmatha National Park

Sagarmatha National Park, established in 1976 was named after the world's highest mountain, Mt. Everest (Sagarmatha), and is located in the Solukhumbu district. The park covers an area of 1,148 sq. km and is home to prominent peaks above 6,000 meters, including Lhotse, Cho Oyu, Thamserku, Nuptse, Amadablam, and Pumori. The renowned Tengboche Monastery, along with other famous monasteries such as Thame, Khumjung, and Pangboche is also situated within the premises of Sagarmatha National Park.

In 1979, Sagarmatha National Park became Nepal's first national park recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The park experiences wet summers and chilly, dry winters, impacting how the Sherpa people in the Khumbu region live. Their settlement choices are influenced by this climate, with a focus on thriving in agriculture and livestock farming.

Sagarmatha National Park showcases Sherpa villages, monasteries, and the unique culture of the Sherpas. Notable attractions within Sagarmatha National Park include the picturesque Gokyo Lakes, the iconic Kala Patthar, the majestic Mt. Ama Dablam, the Khumbu Glacier, the Dudh Koshi River, the Everest View Point, Mt.Taboche, and the enchanting valleys of Chukung and Thame.

Flora and Fauna: 

Sagarmatha National Park has a variety of flora that grows in different areas due to the varying altitudes. Lower down, you'll discover pine and hemlock woodlands, whereas higher up, there are silver fir, birch, rhododendron, and juniper trees. The park is split into six zones, each with its unique features. The lower sub-alpine has blue pine, Himalayan fir, and drooping junipers. Moving up, the upper sub-alpine has birch and rhododendron forests. Further, the upper alpine is mainly grassland and small shrubs, and the subnival zone has cushion plants. Some important herbs found here are Chiraito, Yarsa Gumba, Pancha Ounle, and Bojho.

Sagarmatha National Park is rich in plant life and is home to rare and protected animals. Among them are the elusive snow leopard, red panda, Himalayan tahr, goral, musk deer, pika (mouse hare), weasel, jackal, black bear, wolf, and lynx. The park is home to 118 bird species, including the Impeyan pheasant (Danphe), blood pheasant, red-billed chough, yellow-billed chough, snow cock, snow pigeon, and Himalayan griffon. Some of the protected animals in the area include the red panda, musk deer, snow leopard, wild yak, and gray wolf. The Impeyan pheasant and crimson-horned pheasant are also among the protected bird species. This diversity of rare and safeguarded wildlife makes Sagarmatha National Park a vital hub for conservation efforts.

Popular activities to do in Sagarmatha National Park

• Sagaratha National Park offers a wide range of Trekking options. Some of the popular trekking choices within the Sagarmatha National Park are the Everest Base camp trek, the Gokyo Lakes trek, The three-pass trek( Kongma-la, Cho-la, Renjo-la), Ama Dablam base camp 
• Peak Climbing - Island Peak (Imja Tse), Mera Peak, Lobuche East, and Lobuche West are some popular peaks for climbing within Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal.
• Helicopter Tour 
• Spiritual Yoga Trek
• Bird watching and photography 
• Ice Climbing
• Experiencing Sherpa Culture

Accommodation

• Tea house, Camping, Resort Hotels, Lodges
• How to get to The Sagarmatha National Park
• By air- Take a flight from Kathmandu or Ramechhap to Lukla and a 2-day trek to reach the National Park.
• By bus- Take a bus from Kathmandu to Jiri; from there, you can trek to Sagarmatha National Park, which takes about 9-10 days.

Best season to visit Sagarmatha National Park.

Visiting Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal is best during the autumn season from October to December and the spring season from May to May. These months offer perfect opportunities for exploring the park, especially if you're planning to undertake the famous Everest Base Camp trek or other high mountain treks in Nepal. During these periods, you can enjoy clear skies, pleasant temperatures, and minimal rain, providing ideal conditions for capturing breathtaking views of the Himalayas. Keep in mind that these months attract many tourists, leading to more crowded trails due to peak tourist season. 

Chitwan National Park

Chitwan Nation Park, established in 1973, is the first national park of Nepal, located in the southern part of the country. Covering an area of 952.63 sq. km. the park has been a UNESCO World Heritage site since 1984 due to its ecological importance. The park is the home to one of the last groups of One-horned Asiatic rhinoceroses and provides essential protection for the endangered Bengal tiger. Within its diverse landscapes, ranging from 110m to 850m above sea level.

Flora and fauna 

The flora of Chitwan National Park (CNP) is characterized by lush tropical and subtropical forests, where 70% of the vegetation is made up of Sal (Shorea robusta) forest—a vibrant deciduous type found in the Terai region. The landscape also includes grasslands, riverine forests, and Sal mixed with Chir pine (Pinus roxburghii) atop the Churia range. Approximately 20% of the land is covered by grasslands, including the vulnerable Kans Grass (Saccharum spontaneum) easily affected by monsoon floods. Velvety Beautyberry (Callicarpa macrophylla), Hill Glory Bower (Clerodendrum species), and Gooseberry (Phyllanthus Emblica) are among the shrubs that enrich the area.

Chitwan National Park is home to over 700 species of wildlife, including more than 50 types of mammals like Sambar, Hog Deer, Barking Deer, Wild Boar, Nilgai, Indian Pangolin, Bengal Fox, and the majestic Bengal Tiger. The park also boasts 525 species of birds, such as Black Francolin, Red Junglefowl, and Common Kingfisher. With a total of 68 mammal species, 56 reptiles and amphibians species, and 126 fish species, the park stands out for its conservation efforts, particularly in protecting the One-Horned Rhinoceros, Royal Bengal Tiger, and Gharial Crocodile. Chitwan National Park is notable for housing the wild elephant, the largest land mammal in the world, and the pygmy shrew, the smallest land mammal. Among the diverse reptiles, you can find the Asian Rock Python, Gharial Crocodile, and Golden Monitor Lizard.

Popular activities to do in Chitwan National Park

• Jungle Safari
• Bird watching
• Elephant safari
• Canoe ride
• Elephant breeding center
• Crocodile breeding center
• Elephant bathing
• Cultural tour, experiencing Tharu culture

Accommodation

• Resorts, hotels and lodges
• How to get to Chitwan National Park
• By Road: It takes over 5 hours to drive from Kathmandu to Chitwan National Park.
• By Air: a 20-minute flight from Kathmandu to Bharatpur, followed by a drive of around 16 km to reach Chitwan National Park.

Best season to visit Chitwan National Park

Chitwan National Park is a year-round destination, but for the best scenic experiences, consider visiting during the autumn season from October to December, or the spring season from March to May. From October to early March, the temperatures range from 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F), providing comfortable conditions. This period, known as the dry season, boasts minimal humidity, and clear skies, which is perfect for wildlife enthusiasts, offering excellent opportunities for jungle safaris, elephant rides, and bird watching.

Khaptad National Park And Buffer Zone

Khaptad National Park, which was established in 1984, is named after Saint Khaptad Swami, who moved to the area in the 1940s for meditation and worship. Spending about 50 years as a hermit, he became a renowned spiritual saint. The park covers a total area of 225 sq. km where 216 sq. km is declared as the buffer zone and is the only mid-mountain national park in western Nepal. Key attractions of Khaptad National Park include Khaptad Daha, Khaptad Baba Ashram, and Saileshowri.

Khaptad National Park is located at an altitude of 1,400 m and stretches across the districts of Bajhang, Bajura, Doti, and Achham. The park features 12 lakes, offering excellent opportunities for bird watching. Additionally, the area is important for archaeology as it has ancient ruins from old historical buildings. The climate in Khaptad National Park typically ranges from mild summers to cold winters, occasionally accompanied by snowfall at higher altitudes.

Flora and Fauna 

Khaptad National Park is characterized by three main vegetation zones: subtropical, temperate, and alpine. At lower altitudes (1000 – 2000 m), the landscape is dominated by subtropical vegetation, featuring landscape and montane sal, pine, and alder species forests. As you ascend from 1800 – 3000 m, the scenery transitions to temperate vegetation, with lower temperate mixed broad-leaved species like Lindera Nacusua, Cinnamomum, and Tamca forests. Notable species in this zone include fir oak, birch, and rhododendron. The park is enriched with 135 species of flowers, including primulas, buttercups, and wild berries, creating a colorful display. Furthermore, the park is home to 224 species of medicinal herbs, adding to its rich biodiversity.

Khaptad National Park hosts various types of animals, including 20 mammals like barking deer, wild boar, goral, Himalayan black bear, yellow-throated marten, rhesus, and langur monkeys. The park also hosts an impressive 266 species of migratory birds, along with 175 species of breeding birds. Among these are notable birds like the Impeyan pheasant (Dhanphe), Nepal's national bird, as well as partridges, flycatchers, bulbuls, cuckoos, and eagles. Additionally, the park harbors 23 species of amphibians and reptiles. Furthermore, the park supports a vibrant population of butterflies, moths, and insects, all contributing to the rich ecosystem of Khaptad.

Popular activities to do in Khaptad National Park

• Trekking and Hiking
• Birdwatching
• Photography 
• Jeep tour
• Accommodation 
• Camping, hotels, and lodges

How to get to Khaptad National Park

• By Road- Travel from Kathmandu's new bus park to Attariya Chowk, Kailali by bus. Once you reach Attariya Chowk, and catch another bus to Silgadhi, Doti. The journey will take around 7-8 hours. Silgadhi Bazaar is the entry point to Khaptad, and it's about 50 km away from the park headquarters.
• By Air- 1 hour and 20-minute flight from Kathmandu to Dhangadhi, take a 20-minute taxi ride to Bajhang, followed by a 2-day hike

Best season to visit Khaptad National Park

Spring (March to May) and autumn (October to November) are perfect times to visit the Khaptad National Park. The weather is nice for hiking, with temperatures ranging from 10°C to 20°C. You'll enjoy clear skies, mild temperatures, and hardly any rain. It's great for capturing the breathtaking views of the Himalayas.

Shey Phoksundo National Park

Shey Phoksundo National Park, established in 1984, is located in the districts of Dolpa and Mugu in the Mid-Western Region, of Nepal. It is the biggest national park in Nepal, covering an area of 3,555 sq. km. Nepal's second deepest lake, Phoksundo Lake, is located within Khaptad National Park. One of the most well-known sites in the park is Shey Gompa, which dates back to the 11th Century. Another notable monastery, Thashung Gompa, is situated near Phoksundo Lake and was constructed about 900 years ago to contribute to the conservation of wildlife in the area. 

Shey Phoksundo National Park, situated at elevations ranging from 2130m to 6883m, experiences harsh winters characterized by frequent snowfalls above 2,500 meters. The majority of rainfall occurs between July and September, with less than 500mm annually in the northern areas and around 1500mm in the southern regions.

Flora and Fauna

Shey Phoksundo National Park boasts a rich flora with 286 species of ethnobotanical importance. The vegetation spans barren areas, upper Himalayas, and trans-Himalayan slope lands. Less than 5% of the park is covered by forests. In the Himalayan and Trans-Himalayan slope lands, there is a wide variety of plant life, which includes rhododendrons, caragana shrubs, salix, juniper, white Himalayan birch, and occasional silver fir.

Shey Phoksundo National Park is home to several endangered species like the snow leopard, grey wolf, musk deer, blue sheep, great Tibetan sheep, Himalayan Thar, leopard jackal, and Himalayan black bear. The park also boasts a rich birdlife with 200 species, including the Tibetan partridge, wood snipe, white-throated tit, wood accentor, and crimson-eared rosefinch. Nature enthusiasts can spot 29 species of butterflies here, including the highest-flying butterfly in the world, the Paralasa Nepali. Additionally, the park is home to six species of reptiles. 

Popular activities to do in Shey Phoksundo National Park

• Trekking and hiking are popular activities in this region, with some of the well-known treks including the Dolpo Trek, Phoksundo Lake Trek, Upper Dolpo Trek, and Shey Gompa Trek.
• Helicopter Tour
• Jeep Tour
• Mountaineering 
• Accommodation
• Camping, teahouse, and lodges

How to get to Shey Phoksundo National Park

• By Road: route via Surkhet to Jajarkot and then proceeding to Lower Dolpa.
• By Air: a 20-minute flight from Nepalgunj to Dolpa's Jufal Airport, followed by a three-day trek

Best season to visit Shey Phoksundo National Park

The best time for trekking to Shey Phoksundo Lake is during the Autumn (September, October, and November) and Spring (April, May) seasons. These months offer the best visibility and weather conditions for a great visit.

Langtang National Park

Langtang National Park, established in 1976, is the nearest national park from Kathmandu Valley and was the first Himalayan national park of Nepal. Covering a total area of 1,710 sq km, the park is renowned for its unique Tamang culture, which is a blend of Tibetan and Nepalese traditions. Major attractions within Langtang National Park include Kyanjin Gompa, Tserko Ri, Langtang Valley, Gosainkunda Lake, and Yala Peak.

Langtang village is located at an elevation of 3,400 meters, near the Langtang Lirung mountain, which rises to a height of 7,227 meters above sea level and stands as the highest peak in Langtang National Park. The park's primary aim is to preserve its natural beauty while allowing local communities to continue their traditional land use practices in harmony with conservation efforts. The climate in the park is influenced by the southwest summer monsoon, resulting in most of the yearly rainfall occurring between June and September. Temperatures vary significantly across the park due to its varying elevations.

Flora and Fauna

Langtang National Park boasts a diverse range of flora with 18 different ecosystems. There are a variety of landscapes ranging from lush sal and pine forests at lower altitudes to rugged and rocky alpine terrain at higher elevations. The flora in the park is rich, featuring a total of 1043 species of vascular plants. Among them are the 13 different species of rhododendron, such as Rhododendron Cownianum, Rhododendron Lowndesii, and Larix Nepalensis ( the Nepalese Larch), adds vibrant colors to the park's natural beauty.

Langtang National Park is a rich hub of wildlife, with 46 types of mammals like the Red panda, clouded leopard, Himalayan Thar, musk deer, snow leopard, etc. There are 30 different fish species, 70 varieties of butterflies, and a total of 345 bird species, featuring notable birds like the Impeyan Pheasant and white-winged restart. It's a home for endangered species like the red panda and snow leopard.

Popular activities to do in Langtang National Park

• Trekking includes Langtang Valley Trek, Tamang Heritage Trek, Gosaikunda Lake Trek, Helambu Valley Trek, Tilan Pass Trek, and soon.
• Mountaineering 
• Experiencing Tamang Culture
• Bird watching and wildlife photography
• Jeep Tour
• Accommodations
• Lodges, camping, teahouse, resorts

How to get to Langtang National Park

• By Road: 4 hours drive to Syabrubesi

Best season to visit Langtang National Park

The best times to explore Langtang National Park are from October to December (autumn) and March to May (spring). During these periods, the park, known for the famous Langtang Valley Trek, offers the most picturesque scenery. For those planning treks in Nepal's high mountains, it's recommended to visit during spring or autumn for the most favorable conditions.

Rara National Park

Rara National Park established in 1976 is the smallest national park of Nepal with an elevation of 2800m to 4039m, covering an area of 106sq.km. It is located in the Jumla and Mugu Districts in the north-western part of the country. The main highlight of this park is Rara Lake; the biggest lake of Nepal, positioned at an elevation of 2,990 meters (9,810 feet). The primary purpose of establishing the park is to safeguard the distinctive plants and animals found in the HumlaJumla region of Nepal. 

Flora and Fauna 

Rara National Park features over 500 species of flora, surrounded by sub-alpine and high-temperate vegetation. Common plants like pine, fir, and birch thrive in the park, with blue pine being the predominant species. Among the pines, there are several rhododendron species. The Rara Lake area is home to blue pine, herbs, marshlands, and tussock grasslands. In the subalpine region, various species of rhododendron, fir, oak, and birch can be found 

The park is home to about 20 different kinds of mammals, including red pandas, Musk deer, Yellow-throated marten, Otter, Jackal, Himalayan black bear, Common langur, Rhesus macaque, and Yellow-throated marten. Additionally, the park has documented 214 bird species, with notable ones like coots, snow cock, various pheasant species, grebes, mallard, common teal, and red-crested pochard. 

Popular activities to do in Rara National Park

• Trekking 
• Village walk
• Boating 
• Horse riding
• Mountain biking
• Botanic excursions 
• Accommodations 
• Lodge, Camping

How to get to Rara National Park

• By Air: one-hour flight from Kathmandu to Nepalgunj, followed by another flight to Talcha or Jumla and a five-hour hike to Rara National Park
• By Road: 12-hour journey from Kathmandu to Nepalgunj, followed by a whole day ride from Nepalgunj to Nagma. From Nagma, continue the journey to Gamgadhi, and finally, complete a 5-hour hike from Gamgadhi to Rara.

Best season to visit Rara National Park

The best times to visit Rara National Park are from February to April and from October to November. Summer offers pleasant weather, but winter can be very cold. From December to March, temperatures drop below freezing, and heavy snowfalls of up to one meter can close high passes. April to June brings warmer weather, but this leads into the monsoon season from June to August.

Bardiya National Park

Bardiya National Park, the biggest national park in the lowland Terai region, is situated in the Bardiya District of Nepal on the eastern bank of the Karnali River. Covering an area of 968 square kilometers, it spans altitudes from 152 meters to 1441 meters and was established in 1988 as Royal Bardia National Park.

One notable historical inhabitant of the park was Raja Gaj, the largest Asian elephant, estimated to be about two feet taller than the average Asian elephant. This place is famous for spotting rare animals like the Royal Bengal Tiger, Asian Wild Elephant, Greater One-horned Rhinoceros, Swamp Deer, Black Buck, Crocodiles, Gangetic Dolphin, and different types of birds like the Bengal Florican, Lesser Florican, and Sarus Crane. Bardiya National Park is vital for protecting these animals and has a special and diverse environment.

Flora and Fauna 

The flora of Bardiya National Park is diverse and includes various types of vegetation. About 70% of the area is covered by forests, primarily consisting of sal trees along with a mix of grasslands. The vegetation comprises riverine forests and savannah-type grasslands, creating a rich and varied landscape. In total, the park is home to 839 species of plants, with 173 of them classified as vascular plants. This lush and varied plant life supports the park's ecosystem, providing habitats for a wide range of wildlife species.

Bardiya National Park boasts a rich and diverse fauna, with 30 different mammal species, 230 bird species,125 fish species, and 150 reptile species. Among the endangered birds inhabiting the park are the Bengal florican, lesser florican, and Sarus crane. The park is also home to various endangered animals, including rhinoceros, wild elephants, royal Bengal tigers, swamp deer, blackbuck, gharial crocodiles, marsh mugger crocodiles, and Gangetic dolphins. 

Popular activities to do in Bardiya National Park

• Jungle safari
• Bird watching 
• Tharu cultural museum
• Karnali river rafting 
• Fishing 
• Elephant breeding center 
• Walking tours
• Boating 
• Wildlife Photography
• Accommodations 
• Jungle lodges 

How to get to Bardiya National Park

• By Air: Take a flight from Kathmandu to Nepalgunj and then a 3-hour drive to Bardiya National Park.
• By Road: 14 hours drive to Bardiya National via Prithivi Highway

Best season to visit Bardiya National Park

The best times to visit Bardiya National Park are from October to March and April to June. During these periods, the weather is pleasant, and temperatures are moderate, except for April to June when it can get hot, reaching up to 42 degrees Celsius. Exploring the park is most enjoyable in the Autumn season from September to December and the early Spring season from February to May. This is when you can have close encounters with wildlife. It's not recommended to visit during the monsoon season, from July to September, as the trails are covered with bushes and grass, making them slippery. 

Banke National Park

Banke National Park was established as the 10th national park in 2010, covering areas in Banke, Dang, and Salyan districts, with a total area of  550 sq. km. The park's height varies from 153 to 1,247 meters above sea level. It connects with Bardia National Park to the west and further links to Katerniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary in India through the Khata corridor, national forest, and community forest. Bardiya National Park is a crucial part of the Terai Arc Landscape (TAL), providing an additional home for tigers. The creation of this park emphasizes the commitment to conserving wild tigers and contributes to the broader landscape of biodiversity conservation.

Flora and Fauna 

The flora of Banke National Park includes a diverse array of plant life, totaling 124 different species. Approximately 90% of the area is covered by natural forests, predominantly featuring sal, karma, Khair, and sissoo trees. Among the 113 species of trees present, sal and axle wood are prominent. Additionally, the park boasts 107 species of herbs, as well as 85 species of shrubs and climbers. 

The fauna of Banke National Park showcases a rich diversity of wildlife, with 34 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 24 species of reptiles, 7 species of amphibians, and 58 species of fish. Among the endangered mammals in the park are the tiger, striped hyena, four-horned antelope, and Asiatic elephant. The park is also home to endangered bird species such as the giant hornbill, black stork, Bengal florican, and lesser florican. Additionally, endangered reptiles found in the park include gharial crocodiles and pythons. 

Popular activities to do in Bnake National Park

• Jungle Safari
• Hiking and Jungle walk
• Boating in Rapti River
• Wildlife Photography
• Cycling 
• Elephant Safari
• Accommodation
• Homestays, Hotels  

How to get to Banke National Park

• By Air: Take a flight from Kathmandu to Nepalgunj and then a 3-hour drive to Banke National Park.
• By Road: 13+ hours drive via Mahendra Highway 

Best season to visit Banke National Park

The most enjoyable times to explore the park are in autumn, from September to December, and early spring, from February to May. The weather is pleasant, not excessively hot or too cold. That's when you can get up close with wildlife. It's not a good idea to visit during the monsoon season, from July to September, because the trails get covered with bushes and grass, making them slippery. 

Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park

Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park was founded in 2002 and is named after Shivapuri Peak, which stands at an elevation of 2732 m. The park spans 1159 square kilometers across the Kathmandu, Nuwakot, and Sindhupalchowk districts. It's a crucial area for collecting water, providing the Kathmandu Valley with a significant amount of water every day. This park is the only national park nestled within the Kathmandu Valley and holds significance for its historical and religious sites. The key highlights of the park are Jamacho Gumba, Baghdwar, Bishnudwar, and Shivapuri Peak. 

Flora and Fauna

Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park is a vital natural resource for the Kathmandu Valley, providing 40% of its drinking water. Covering a substantial 39% of the land, the park is home to a diverse range of flora. The vegetation includes majestic pine, sturdy oak, vibrant rhododendron, and more, creating a rich and varied landscape. In addition to its significant contribution to water supply and varied vegetation, the park hosts a remarkable array of mushrooms, totaling 129 different species.

Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park is home to a diverse range of fauna, showcasing the rich biodiversity of the region. The park hosts nine species of mammals, including the Himalayan black bear, leopard jungle cat, and rhesus monkey. The park boasts 9 species of birds and 150 species of butterflies. Additionally, the park is home to endangered species like the clouded leopard, pangolin, Assamese monkey, and leopard cat.

Popular activities to do in Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park

• Day Hike
• Mountain Biking 
• Rock Climbing 
• Bird watching
• Accommodation
• Hotels Resorts

How to get to Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park

• By Road: Drive from Kathmandu city to Budhanilkantha temple and hike 

Best season to visit Shivapuri National Nagarjun Park

The best times to visit Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park are from September to November and February to April. These months offer pleasant weather and are great for exploring the park. It's not too hot or too cold, making it just right for a visit. 

Makalu Barun National Park

Makalu Barun National Park, previously designated as a conservation area, was established in 1992 and is named after two prominent peaks, Mount Makalu (the 5th highest mountain globally at 8,463m) and Mount Baruntse. Covering an area of 1,500 sq km, this national park is home to notable peaks exceeding 7,000 meters, such as Chamlang, Baruntse, and Mera. It was created as an eastern extension of Sagarmatha National Park.

Situated at an altitude of 8000m from sea level, Makalu Barun National Park is located in the Sankhuwasabha and Solu-Khumbu districts of Nepal. It is known for being the world's only protected area with an elevation of more than 8,000 m (26,000 ft), encompassing both tropical forests and snow-capped peaks. Key highlights of Makalu Barun National Park include the Arun Valley (the deepest valley in the world), Mera Peak, and Mount Makalu. 

Flora and Fauna 

Makalu Barun National Park is home to a wide variety of flora, featuring 25 species of rhododendron, 47 species of orchid, and 56 rare plant species. The park also features 19 species of bamboo and 15 varieties of oaks, contributing to its rich biodiversity. With 27 different types of forests, the park provides a diverse and unique habitat for these plant species. 

Makalu Barun National Park boasts a rich diversity of fauna, encompassing 88 species of mammals such as the snow leopard, Indian leopard, clouded leopard, black bear, hanuman langur, Assam macaque, Himalayan goral, musk deer, Himalayan serow, flying squirrel, golden jackal, Himalayan wolf, red fox, jungle cat, and more. The park is home to 433 species of birds including the rose-ringed parakeet, Blyth's kingfisher, deep-blue kingfisher, blue-napped pitta, pale blue flycatcher, sultan tit, and silver-eared mesia. Additionally, Makalu Barun National Park is home to 78 species of fish, 43 species of reptiles, 16 species of amphibians, and an impressive 315 species of butterflies. Notably, the park serves as a crucial habitat for endangered animals such as the red panda, musk deer, Himalayan black bear, clouded leopard, and snow leopard. 

Popular activities to do in Makalu Barun National Park

• Accommodation 
• Camping, lodges, and guesthouses
• Popular activities to do in Makalu Barun National Park
• Trekking; Some of the popular trekking routes within this area are Makalu Base Camp Trek and Arun Valley trek
• Peak Climbing 
• Bird watching and wildlife photography
• Rafting in Arun River 

How to get to Makalu Barun National Park

• By Road: Drive from Kathmandu to Kahdbari which is an 8+ hours drive 
• By Air: Fly from Kathmandu to Tumlingtar followed by a 6-day hike

Best season to visit Makalu Barun National Park

The ideal time to visit the  Makalu Barun National Park is from late September to early November and from late March to early May. During these times, the weather is nice, and the skies are clear.

Shuklaphanta National Park

Shuklaphanta National Park is located in the Kanchanpur district of the Terai region, covering 305 square kilometers. It's made up of open grasslands, forests, riverbeds, and tropical wetlands, ranging from 174 to 1,386 meters in height. The park got its name from Nepal's largest grassland, Shuklaphanta, which is home to the world's biggest herds of Swamp Deer. Originally established as a Wildlife Reserve in 1976 with 155 square kilometers, it grew to 305 square kilometers in 1994. Later, in 2004, an additional 243.5 square kilometers were designated as a buffer zone. Finally, in 2016, Shuklaphanta National Park earned its status as a National Park, providing a destination for diverse wildlife.

Flora and Fauna 

Shuklaphanta National Park has a diverse range of flora, and about half of it, around 52%, is covered with sal trees. Wetlands occupy 10% of the park, while expansive grasslands cover 30%, creating a unique landscape. The riverside forest, constituting 16% of the area, is home to a mix of Sal, khair, and Sissoo trees. Additionally, 2% of the park is covered by a charming mixed forest. The park boasts an impressive collection of 700 plant species, adding to the richness of its biodiversity. 

Shuklaphanta National Park is home to 24 mammal species, including 2301 swamp deer, 16 Bengal tigers, sloth bears, 20-25 elephants, Indian leopards, hispid hare, and the great one-horned rhinoceros. The park also features 350 species of birds, such as the dusky eagle owl, great slaty woodpecker, chestnut-capped babbler, Sarus crane, and rusty-tailed flycatcher. Among them, 180 species are known to breed within the park. Additionally, Shuklaphanta is home to 14 species of fish, including rohu, mahaseer, and tenger, along with 12 reptiles and amphibians. Notably, the park plays a crucial role in the conservation of endangered animals like the Royal Bengal Tiger, Indian leopard, swamp deer, and hispid hare. 

Popular activities to do in Shuklaphanta National Park

• Jungle safari
• Visit Rani Taal
• Wildlife viewing
• Sightseeing and photography
• Accommodation
• Jungle Lodges

How to get to Shuklaphanta National Park

• By Air: Fly from Kathmandu to Dhangadhi, which takes 1 hour and 10 minutes, and then drive for 1 hour and 30 minutes (60 km) to reach Shuklaphanta National Park.
• By Road: Drive to Dhangadhi, which takes 18 hours from Kathmandu (671.6km), and then drive for 1 hour and 30 minutes (60 km) to reach Shuklaphanta National Park.

Best season to visit Shuklaphanta National Park

The best time to visit Shuklaphanta National Park is from October to March when the weather is pleasant. During this period, you can enjoy the park without extreme temperatures or heavy rains. Avoid planning your trip from April to June as it can get very hot, reaching up to 42 degrees Celsius. July to September is the rainy season, so it's also advisable to drive clear during these months to ensure a more enjoyable and comfortable visit to the park.

Parsa National Park 

Parsa National Park, which is located in the lowlands of Nepal's provinces 2 and 3, is a protected area that encompasses Parsa, Bara, and Makwanpur districts. It links with Chitwan National Park in the West and India's Valmiki Tiger Reserve to the southwest. Initially established as a wildlife reserve in 1984, covering 488 square kilometers at altitudes ranging from 432m to 950m, the protected area was expanded by 128 km² in 2015. Since 2017, it holds the status of a National Park. Before its conservation designation, locals knew it as "Char Koshe Jhadi," a hunting ground for the ruling class and a settlement area for the community due to the thick and wide forest. The transformation into a national park aims to preserve the dense forest and protect the wildlife it shelters.

Flora and Fauna

Parsa National Park boasts a rich flora, with 90% of its vegetation comprising tropical, sub-tropical, and sal forests. The park is home to an impressive range of plant life, including 919 different species of flora. Among these, there are 289 species of vascular plants, categorized into 234 dicots, 58 monocots, and 5 pteridophytes, and 1 gymnosperm. The hills within the park are enriched with the lush presence of Chir pine, Khair, Sissoo, and Silk-cotton trees.

Parsa National Park is home to a diverse fauna, with several species classified as endangered, such as the wild Asian elephants, Royal Bengal Tiger, Sloth bear, and Leopard. The park also supports a variety of mammals, including blue bull, sambar, chital, hog deer, barking deer, langur, rhesus macaques, striped hyenas, jungle cats, palm civets, and more. Additionally, the park boasts a rich bird population, with 500 species of birds, including giant hornbills, white-breasted kingfishers, Paradise flycatchers, and golden-backed woodpeckers, among others. In terms of reptiles, Parsa National Park is inhabited by common cobra, banded krait, and rock python. 

Popular activities to do in Parsa National Park 

• Jungle Safari and Canoe ride
• Village walk and cultural program
• Jungle safari 
• Elephant Safari
• Visiting the Elephant camp 
• Accommodation 
• Guest house and teahouse 

How to get to Parsa National Park

• By Air: Fly from Kathmandu to Simara which takes 15 minutes and then travel by road to the reserve headquarters, which is 7 km away. 
• By Road: Take a bus via. Kathmandu-Hetauda-Birgunj highway which takes about 6-7 hours to reach the park.

Best season to visit Parsa National Park 

The best time to visit Parsa National Park is from October to March when the weather is pleasant and comfortable for exploring the park. During these months, temperatures are moderate, making it ideal for outdoor activities and wildlife spotting. Avoid planning your trip from April to June as it can get hot, with temperatures ranging from 30 to 35 degrees Celsius. Additionally, July to September brings heavy monsoon rains, which may disrupt travel plans and make it challenging to explore the park.

Park entry/ permit fees 

Conclusion 

Nepal's national parks are incredible treasures, preserving the country's diverse landscapes and rich biodiversity. These protected areas contain a wide variety of flora and fauna, from the majestic mountains to lush forests and plains. Whether you're a nature enthusiast, adventure seeker, or someone seeking tranquility, Nepal's national parks provide a haven for all, contributing not only to conservation efforts but also offering unforgettable experiences for visitors. We must appreciate and preserve these national parks, ensuring their sustainability for future generations. By promoting responsible tourism and adopting eco-friendly practices, we can contribute to the conservation of Nepal's national parks and the overall well-being of the environment. So, whether you're exploring the peaks, trekking the trails, or simply enjoying the serene surroundings, the national parks of Nepal are a must-visit, promising a journey filled with natural wonders and cultural richness. 

Frequently Asked Questions

Which National Park has the highest number of tigers in Nepal? 

• As of 2022, Chitwan National Park in Nepal has the most wild tigers, counting 128 of them. This park is also recognized as a UNESCO natural heritage site.

Which is the youngest National Park in Nepal?

• Banke National Park is the youngest national park in Nepal, and it was established on July 12, 2010. Situated in Lumbini, it shares a border with Bardiya National Park.

Which is the largest and smallest National Park of Nepal?

• Shey-Phoksundo National Park is the biggest national park in Nepal, stretching over an area of 3,555 square kilometers. On the other hand, Rara National Park is the smallest national park in Nepal, covering only 106 square kilometers. It is located in the Mugu and Jumla districts of the Himalayas.

Which is the first national park of Nepal?

• Chitwan National Park, Nepal's first national park, was created in 1973 and was originally called the Royal Chitwan National Park. It became a World Heritage Site in 1984.